Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe

作者：Michael R. Blanton, Matthew A. Bershady, Bela Abolfathi, Franco D. Albareti, Carlos Allende Prieto, Andrés Almeida, J. Alonso-García, Friedrich Anders, Scott F. Anderson, Brett H. Andrews, E. Aquino-Ortíz, Alfonso Aragón‐Salamanca, M. Argudo–Fernández, Eric Armengaud, É. Aubourg, V. Ávila-Reese, Carles Badenes, S. Bailey, Kathleen A. Barger, J. K. Barrera-Ballesteros, Curtis Bartosz, Dominic Bates, Falk Baumgarten, Julian Bautista, Rachael Lynn Beaton, Timothy C. Beers, Francesco Belfiore, Chad F. Bender, Andreas A. Berlind, Mariangela Bernardi, Florian Beutler, Jonathan C. Bird, Dmitry Bizyaev, Guillermo A. Blanc, Michael Blomqvist, Adam S. Bolton, Médéric Boquien, Jura Borissova, Remco C. E. van den Bosch, Jo Bovy, William Nielsen Brandt, J. Brinkmann, Joel R. Brownstein, Kevin A. Bundy, Adam J. Burgasser, E. Burtin, Nicolás G. Busca, Michele Cappellari, Maria Leticia Delgado Carigi, Joleen K. Carlberg, Aurelio Carnero Rosell, R. Carrera, N. J. Chanover, Brian Cherinka, Edmond Cheung, Y. Gómez Maqueo Chew, C. Chiappini, Peter Doohyun Choi, Drew Chojnowski, Chia-Hsun Chuang, Haeun Chung, Rafael Fernando Cirolini, Nicolas Clerc, Roger E. Cohen, Johan Comparat, Luiz Nicolaci da Costa, Marie-Claude Cousinou, Kevin R. Covey, Jeffrey D. Crane, Rupert A. C. Croft, I. Cruz-González, Daniel Garrido Cuadra, Kátia Almeida Cunha, Guillermo J. Damke, Jeremy Darling, Roger L. Davies, Kyle Dawson, Axel de la Macorra, Flavia Dell’Agli, Nathan De Lee, Timothée Delubac, F. Di Mille, Aleks Diamond-Stanic, M. Cano-Díaz, John Donor, Juan José Downes, Niv Drory, Hélion du Mas des Bourboux, Christopher Duckworth, T. Dwelly, Jamie Dyer, Garrett Ebelke, Arthur Davis Eigenbrot, Daniel J. Eisenstein, Éric Emsellem, Mike Eracleous, S. Escoffier, Michael L. Evans, Xiaohui Fan, Emma Fernández-Alvar, José G. Fernández-Trincado, Diane K. Feuillet, A. Finoguenov, Scott W. Fleming, Andreu Font-Ribera, Alexander Fredrickson, Gordon Freischlad, Peter M. Frinchaboy, Carla E. Fuentes, Lluís Galbany, Rafael Garcia‐Dias, Domingo Aníbal García-Hernández, P. Gaulme, Doug Geisler, Joseph Gelfand, Héctor Gil-Marín, Bruce Gillespie, Daniel Goddard, Violeta González-Pérez, Kathleen Grabowski, Paul Green, Catherine J. Grier, James E. Gunn, Hong Guo, Julien Guy, Alex Hagen, ChangHoon Hahn, Matthew Hall, Paul Harding, Sten Hasselquist, Suzanne L. Hawley, Fred Hearty, J. I. Gónzalez Hernández, Shirley Ho, David W. Hogg, Kelly Holley‐Bockelmann, Jon A. Holtzman, Parker H. Holzer, Joseph Huehnerhoff, Timothy A. Hutchinson, Ho Seong Hwang, Hector Javier Ibarra-Medel, Gabriele S Ilha, Inese I. Ivans, Keshawn Ivory, Kelly M. Jackson, Trey W. Jensen, Jennifer A. Johnson, Amy M Jones, Henrik Jönsson, Eric Jullo, Vikrant K. Kamble, Karen Kinemuchi, D. Kirkby, Francisco-Shu Kitaura, Mark A. Klaene, Gillian R. Knapp, Jean‐Paul Kneib, Juna A. Kollmeier, Ivan Lacerna, Richard R. Lane, Dustin Lang, David R. Law, Daniel Lazarz, Youngbae Lee, Jean-Marc Le Goff, Fu-Heng Liang, Cheng Li, Hongyu Li, Jianhui Lian, M. Lima, Lihwai Lin, Yen‐Ting Lin, S. Bertrán de Lis, Chao Liu, Miguel Icaza-Lizaola, Dan Long, S. Lucatello, Britt Lundgren, Nicholas K. MacDonald, Alice Deconto Machado, Chelsea L. MacLeod, Suvrath Mahadevan, M. A. G. Maia, R. Maiolino, Steven R. Majewski, Elena Malanushenko, Viktor Malanushenko, A. Manchado, Shude Mao, Claudia Maraston, R. Marques-Chaves, T. Masseron, Karen L. Masters, Cameron K. McBride, Richard M. McDermid, Brianne McGrath, Ian D. McGreer, Nicolás Medina Peña, Matthew Melendez, A. Merloni, M. R. Merrifield, Szabolcs Mészáros, Andrés Meza, Ivan Minchev, Dante Minniti, T. Miyaji, Surhud More, John S. Mulchaey, Francisco Müller-Sánchez, Demitri Muna, Ricardo R. Muñoz, Adam D. Myers, Preethi B. Nair, Kirpal Nandra, Janaina Correa do Nascimento, Alenka Negrete, Melissa Ness, Jeffrey A. Newman, Robert C. Nichol, David L. Nidever, Christian Nıtschelm, Pierros Ntelis, Julia E. O’Connell, Ryan J. Oelkers, Audrey Oravetz, Daniel Oravetz, Zachary J. Pace, Nelson D. Padilla, N. Palanque‐Delabrouille, P. A. Palicio, Kaike Pan, John K. Parejko, Taniya Parikh, Isabelle Pâris, Changbom Park, Alim Y. Patten, Sébastien Peirani, Marcos Pellejero-Ibáñez, Samantha J. Penny, Will J. Percival, Ismael Pérez-Fournon, Patrick Petitjean, Matthew M. Pieri, Marc H. Pinsonneault, Alice Pisani, Radosław Poleski, Francisco Prada, Abhishek Prakash, A. B. A. Queiroz, M. Jordan Raddick, Anand Raichoor, Sandro B Rembold, Hannah Richstein, Rogemar André Riffel, Rogério Riffel, Hans‐Walter Rix, Annie C. Robin, Constance M. Rockosi, Sergio A. Rodríguez-Torres, Alexandre Roman–Lopes, Carlos G. Román-Zúñiga, Margarita Rosado, Ashley J. Ross, Graziano Rossi, John J. Ruan, Rossana Ruggeri, Eli S Rykoff, Salvador Salazar-Albornoz, Mara Salvato, Ariel G. Sánchez, David S. Aguado, José Ramón Sánchez-Gallego, Felipe A. Santana, B. X. Santiago, Conor Sayres, Ricardo P. Schiavon, J. S. Schimoia, Edward F. Schlafly, David J. Schlegel, Donald P. Schneider, Mathias Schultheis, W. J. Schuster, Axel D. Schwope, Hee‐Jong Seo, Zhengyi Shao, Shiyin Shen, Matthew D. Shetrone, J. Michael Shull, Joshua D. Simon, Danielle Skinner, M. F. Skrutskie, Anže Slosar, Verne V. Smith, Jennifer S. Sobeck, F. Sobreira, Garrett Somers, Diogo Souto, David V. Stark, Keivan Guadalupe Stassun, Fritz Stauffer, Matthias Steinmetz, Thaisa Storchi‐Bergmann, A. Streblyanska, Guy S. Stringfellow, Genaro Suárez, Jing Lan Sun, N. Suzuki, László Szigeti, Manuchehr Taghizadeh-Popp, Baitian Tang, CHARLING TAO, Jamie Tayar, Mita Tembe, Johanna K Teske, Aniruddha R. Thakar, D. Thomas, Benjamin A. Thompson, Jeremy L. Tinker, Patricia Beatriz Tissera, Rita Tojeiro, Hector Hernández Toledo, Sylvain de la Torre, Christy Tremonti, T. Nicholas, O. Valenzuela, Inma Martinez Valpuesta, Jaime Vargas-González, M. Vargas-Magaña, Jose Alberto Vazquez, Sandro Villanova, M. Vivek, Nicole P. Vogt, David A. Wake, René A. M. Walterbos, Yuting Wang, Benjamin Alan Weaver, Anne-Marie Weijmans, David H. Weinberg, Kyle B. Westfall, David G. Whelan, Vivienne Wild, John C. Wilson, W. M. Wood‐Vasey, Dominika Wylezalek, Ting Xiao, Renbin Yan, Meng Yang, Jason E. Ybarra, Christophe Yèche, Nadia L. Zakamska, O. Zamora, Pauline Zarrouk, Gail Zasowski, Kai Zhang, Gong‐Bo Zhao, Zheng Zheng, Zheng Zheng, Xu Zhou, Zhimin Zhou, Guangtun Zhu, M. Zoccali, Hu Zou · 发表于：The Astronomical Journal · 年份：2017 · DOI：10.3847/1538-3881/aa7567 · 被引用次数：1633 · 研究领域：Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena、Astronomy and Astrophysical Research、Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae

Abstract We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median ). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, wa...