Inventory and review of the Mio–Pleistocene São Jorge flora (Madeira Island, Portugal): palaeoecological and biogeographical implications

作者：Carlos A. Góis‐Marques, José Madeira, Miguel Menezes de Sequeira · 发表于：Journal of Systematic Palaeontology · 年份：2017 · DOI：10.1080/14772019.2017.1282991 · 被引用次数：34 · 研究领域：Plant Diversity and Evolution、Mediterranean and Iberian flora and fauna、Geology and Paleoclimatology Research

The occurrence of plant fossils on Madeira Island has been known since the mid-nineteenth century. Charles Lyell and George Hartung discovered a leaf bed rich in Lauraceae and fern fossils at São Jorge in 1854. The determinations were controversial but a full review was never performed. Here we propose possible geological settings for the fossiliferous outcrop, and present an inventory and a systematic review of the surviving specimens of the São Jorge macroflora. The São Jorge leaf bed no longer outcrops due to a landslide in 1865. It was possible to establish the two alternative volcano-stratigraphical settings in the sedimentary intercalations from the Middle Volcanic Complex, ranging in age from 7 to 1.8 Ma. The descriptions of Heer (1857 Heer, O. 1857. Ueber die fossilen Pflanzen von St. Jorge in Madeira. Neue Denkschriften der allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die gesamten Naturwissenschaften, 15, 1–40. [Google Scholar]), Bunbury (1859 Bunbury, C. J. F. 1859. On some Vegetable Remains from Madeira. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, 15, 50–59.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) and Hartung & Mayer (1864 Hartung, G. & Mayer, K. 1864. Geologische Beschreibung der Inseln Madeira und Porto Santo. Mit dem systematischen Verzeichnisse der fossilen Reste dieser Inseln und der Azoren von Karl Mayer. Engelmann, Leipzig, 364 pp. [Google Scholar]) are reviewed based on 82 surviving specimens. From the initial 37 taxa, we recognize only 20: Osmunda sp., Pteridium aq...