Mechanisms of Post-Replication DNA Repair

作者：Yanzhe Gao, Elizabeth Mutter‐Rottmayer, Anastasia Zlatanou, Cyrus Vaziri, Yang Yang · 发表于：Genes · 年份：2017 · DOI：10.3390/genes8020064 · 被引用次数：53 · 研究领域：DNA Repair Mechanisms、Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment、CRISPR and Genetic Engineering

Accurate DNA replication is crucial for cell survival and the maintenance of genome stability. Cells have developed mechanisms to cope with the frequent genotoxic injuries that arise from both endogenous and environmental sources. Lesions encountered during DNA replication are often tolerated by post-replication repair mechanisms that prevent replication fork collapse and avert the formation of DNA double strand breaks. There are two predominant post-replication repair pathways, trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) and template switching (TS). TLS is a DNA damage-tolerant and low-fidelity mode of DNA synthesis that utilizes specialized 'Y-family' DNA polymerases to replicate damaged templates. TS, however, is an error-free 'DNA damage avoidance' mode of DNA synthesis that uses a newly synthesized sister chromatid as a template in lieu of the damaged parent strand. Both TLS and TS pathways are tightly controlled signaling cascades that integrate DNA synthesis with the overall DNA damage response and are thus crucial for genome stability. This review will cover the current knowledge of the primary mediators of post-replication repair and how they are regulated in the cell.