The likeness of fetal growth and newborn size across non-isolated populations in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project: the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study and Newborn Cross-Sectional Study

作者：José Villar, Aris T. Papageorghiou, Ruyan Pang, Eric O. Ohuma, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Fernando C. Barros, Ann W. Lambert, Maria Carvalho, Yasmin A. Jaffer, Enrico Bertino, Michael G. Gravett, Doug G. Altman, Manorama Purwar, Ihunnaya O. Frederick, J. Alison Noble, Cesar Gomes Victora, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Stephen Kennedy · 发表于：eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University) · 年份：2014 · 被引用次数：103 · 研究领域：Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare、Global Maternal and Child Health、Breastfeeding Practices and Influences

Background: Large differences exist in size at birth and in rates of impaired fetal growth worldwide. The relative effects of nutrition, disease, the environment, and genetics on these differences are often debated. In clinical practice, various references are often used to assess fetal growth and newborn size across populations and ethnic origins, whereas international standards for assessing growth in infants and children have been established. In the INTERGROWTH-21st Project, our aim was to assess fetal growth and newborn size in eight geographically defined urban populations in which the health and nutrition needs of mothers were met and adequate antenatal care was provided. Methods: For this study, fetal growth and newborn size were measured in two INTERGROWTH-21st component studies using prespecified markers and the same methods, equipment, and selection criteria. In the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS), we studied educated, affluent, healthy women, with adequate nutritional status who were at low risk of intrauterine growth restriction. The primary markers of fetal growth were ultrasound measurements of fetal crown-rump length at less than 14 weeks and 0 days of gestation and fetal head circumference from 14 weeks and 0 days to 40 weeks and 0 days of gestation, and birthlength for newborn size. In the concomitant, population-based Newborn Cross-Sectional Study (NCSS), we measured birthlength in all newborn babies from the eight geographically defined urban popula...