Mechanisms of Memory Dysfunction during High Altitude Hypoxia Training in Military Aircrew

作者：Daniel A. Nation, Mark W. Bondi, Ellis Gayles, Dean C. Delis · 发表于：Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · 年份：2016 · DOI：10.1017/s1355617716000965 · 被引用次数：61 · 研究领域：High Altitude and Hypoxia、Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation、Spaceflight effects on biology

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive dysfunction from high altitude exposure is a major cause of civilian and military air disasters. Pilot training improves recognition of the early symptoms of altitude exposure so that countermeasures may be taken before loss of consciousness. Little is known regarding the nature of cognitive impairments manifesting within this critical window when life-saving measures may still be taken. Prior studies evaluating cognition during high altitude simulation have predominantly focused on measures of reaction time and other basic attention or motor processes. Memory encoding, retention, and retrieval represent critical cognitive functions that may be vulnerable to acute hypoxic/ischemic events and could play a major role in survival of air emergencies, yet these processes have not been studied in the context of high altitude simulation training. METHODS: In a series of experiments, military aircrew underwent neuropsychological testing before, during, and after brief (15 min) exposure to high altitude simulation (20,000 ft) in a pressure-controlled chamber. RESULTS: Acute exposure to high altitude simulation caused rapid impairment in learning and memory with relative preservation of basic visual and auditory attention. Memory dysfunction was predominantly characterized by deficiencies in memory encoding, as memory for information learned during high altitude exposure did not improve after washout at sea level. Retrieval and retention of memories learned shortl...