Nonbreeding Bird Communities Along an Urban–Rural Gradient of a Tropical City in Central Myanmar

作者：Marcela Suarez‐Rubio, Thein Aung, Sai Sein Lin Oo, Nay Myo Shwe, Nay Myo Hlaing, Kyaw Myo Naing, Tun Oo, Mie Mie Sein, Swen C. Renner · 发表于：Tropical Conservation Science · 年份：2016 · DOI：10.1177/1940082916675961 · 被引用次数：14 · 研究领域：Wildlife Ecology and Conservation、Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation、Land Use and Ecosystem Services

Urbanization is known to be a major driver in abundance and species richness of birds. However, how birds respond to urbanization in tropical cities is understudied in general and entirely absent from Myanmar. We conducted a study in and around Mandalay, a large city in central Myanmar to gather first data on birds and their response to urbanization. We selected four habitats with 10 sampling points each in November 2015. We made 1,536 observations of 68 bird species. The number of species and diversity significantly differed between the four localities. Mandalay Hill and Downtown Mandalay had the lowest number of species and diversity, whereas the University Campus and Paddy Fields had the highest. The highest number of observations was in Downtown Mandalay (1,003 counts) and the lowest on Mandalay Hill (103). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination techniques showed that the four habitat types had significantly different bird species composition. Our results indicate a large effect of urbanization on species diversity, species richness, and species composition of birds.