Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community

作者：Catherine Sherrington, Nicola Fairhall, Geraldine Wallbank, Anne Tiedemann, Zoe A Michaleff, Kirsten Howard, Lindy Maxted Clemson, Sally Hopewell, Sarah E Lamb · 发表于：Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 年份：2019 · DOI：10.1002/14651858.cd012424.pub2 · 被引用次数：1310 · 研究领域：Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention、Physical Activity and Health、Cardiovascular and exercise physiology

BACKGROUND: At least one-third of community-dwelling people over 65 years of age fall each year. Exercises that target balance, gait and muscle strength have been found to prevent falls in these people. An up-to-date synthesis of the evidence is important given the major long-term consequences associated with falls and fall-related injuries OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of exercise interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, three other databases and two trial registers up to 2 May 2018, together with reference checking and contact with study authors to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of any form of exercise as a single intervention on falls in people aged 60+ years living in the community. We excluded trials focused on particular conditions, such as stroke. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcome was rate of falls. MAIN RESULTS: We included 108 RCTs with 23,407 participants living in the community in 25 countries. There were nine cluster-RCTs. On average, participants were 76 years old and 77% were women. Most trials had unclear or high risk of bias for one or more items. Results from four trials focusing on people who had been recently discharged from hospital and from comparisons of different exercises a...