RETRACTED ARTICLE: TLE3 represses colorectal cancer proliferation by inhibiting MAPK and AKT signaling pathways

作者：Runwei Yang, Yingyue Zeng, Wenting Wei, Yanmei Cui, Huiying Sun, Yue-Long Cai, Xin-Xin Nian, Yun-Teng Hu, Yuping Quan, Shenglu Jiang, Meng Wang, Yali Zhao, Junfeng Qiu, Mingxuan Li, Jia-Huan Zhang, Mei-Rong He, Liang Li, Yanqing Ding, Wenting Liao · 发表于：Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · 年份：2016 · DOI：10.1186/s13046-016-0426-8 · 被引用次数：20 · 研究领域：Wnt/β-catenin signaling in development and cancer、Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation、Kruppel-like factors research

BACKGROUND: Transducin-like enhancer of Split3 (TLE3) serves as a transcriptional corepressor during cell differentiation and shows multiple roles in different kinds of cancers. Recently, TLE3 together with many other genes involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway were detected hyper-methylated in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the potential role and the underlying mechanism of TLE3 in CRC progression remain scarce. METHODS: Gene expression profiles were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray dataset of 41 normal colorectal intestine tissues and 465 CRC tissues. Western blot and Real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were respectively performed to detect protein and mRNA expression in 8 pairs of CRC tissue and matched adjacent normal mucosa. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to evaluate TLE3 protein expression in 105 paraffin-embedded, archived human CRC tissues from patients, whose survival data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method. In vitro experiments including MTT assay, colony formation assay, and soft agar formation assay were used to investigate the effects of TLE3 on CRC cell growth and proliferation. Additionally, subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay was performed in nude mice to confirm the effects of TLE3 in vivo. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was run to explore potential mechanism of TLE3 in CRC, and then we measured the distribution of CRC cell cycle phases and apoptosis by flow cytometry, as well as the impacts of TLE3 on MAPK an...