Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Waters of Lake Mead, Nevada

作者：Shane A. Snyder, Kevin L. Kelly, Andrew H. Grange, G. Wayne Sovocool, Erin M. Snyder, John Paul Giesy · 发表于：ACS symposium series · 年份：2001 · DOI：10.1021/bk-2001-0791.ch007 · 被引用次数：58 · 研究领域：Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

Several recent reports have indicated that a variety of pharmaceuticals and personal care products are entering the aquatic environment via wastewater discharges. The Boulder Basin of Lake Mead, Nevada, receives a significant input of highly treated wastewater from the Las Vegas Wash. The objectives of the studies presented here were to determine which compounds entering Lake Mead may be able to induce endocrine disruptive effects on aquatic life and to identify previously unreported xenobiotic compounds. Various locations in the Las Vegas Wash and Boulder Basin were investigated between 1997 and 1999. Certain pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), alkylphenols (APs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and steroids were target compounds. In the first tier of this research, genetically engineered cell lines were used to screen for estrogenic compounds in organic extracts of Lake Mead water samples. Radioimmunoassay was used to identify and quantitate natural and synthetic estrogens. Bioassay-directed fractionation and mass-balance were used to determine which xenoestrogens exhibited the greatest potency in an estrogen-sensitive cell line. This work demonstrated that natural and synthetic estrogens within the mixture of organic compounds extracted from Lake Mead water samples were responsible for the greatest induction in the estrogen-responsive cellular bioassay. Detectable concentrations ranged from 0.2 - 0.5 and 0.2 - 3ng/L for ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 17β-est...