The Energetics of Supported Metal Nanoparticles: Relationships to Sintering Rates and Catalytic Activity

作者：Charles T. Campbell · 发表于：Accounts of Chemical Research · 年份：2013 · DOI：10.1021/ar3003514 · 被引用次数：425 · 研究领域：Catalytic Processes in Materials Science、Catalysis and Oxidation Reactions、Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion

Transition metal nanoparticles on the surfaces of oxide and carbon support materials form the basis for most solid catalysts and electrocatalysts, and have important industrial applications such as fuel production, fuels, and pollution prevention. In this Account, I review my laboratory group's research toward the basic understanding of the effects of particle size and support material on catalytic properties. I focus on studies of well-defined model metal nanoparticle catalysts supported on single-crystalline oxide surfaces. My group structurally characterized such catalysts using a variety of ultrahigh vacuum surface science techniques. We then measured the energies of metal atoms in these supported nanoparticles, using adsorption calorimetry tools that we developed. These metal adsorption energies increase with increasing size of the nanoparticles, until their diameter exceeds about 6 nm. Below 6 nm, the nature of the oxide support surface reaches also greatly affects the metal adsorption energies. Using both adsorption calorimetry and temperature programmed desorption (TPD), we measured the energy of adsorbed catalytic intermediates on metal nanoparticles supported on single crystal oxide surfaces, as a function of particle size. The studies reveal correlations between a number of characteristics. These include the size- and support-dependent energies of metal surface atoms in supported metal nanoparticles, their rates of sintering, how strongly they bind small adsorbates...