The Central European drought of 1947: causes and consequences, with particular reference to the Czech Lands

作者：Rudolf Brázdil, Pavel Raška, Miroslav Trnka, Pavel Zahradníček, Hubert Valášek, Petr Dobrovolný, Ladislava Řezníčková, Pavel Treml, Zdeněk Stachoň · 发表于：Climate Research · 年份：2016 · DOI：10.3354/cr01387 · 被引用次数：62 · 研究领域：Hydrology and Drought Analysis、Climate variability and models、Tree-ring climate responses

A drought of exceptional severity took place in Central Europe in 1947, with marked\nsocio-economic consequences and far-reaching political responses in the Czech Lands. A rich\nbody of meteorological observations from the Czech Lands is drawn upon to construct a comprehensive\npicture of the various direct and indirect factors that led to this extreme event and to\ndescribe its impacts across a range of spatiotemporal scales. In terms of the Czech Lands in their\nentirety and the full 1804−2014 period of instrumental measurements, the 1947 drought, which\nlasted from April to October, may be expressed as very low monthly values of Standardised Precipitation\nEvapotranspiration Index for 1 month (SPEI-1), Standardised Precipitation Index for 1\nmonth (SPI-1), and Palmer’s Z-index. Independent evidence from mean monthly patterns of sealevel\npressure suggests it originated in an anticyclone overCentral Europe and ridges of high pressure\nextending over the area. Duration and deficiency volumes recorded at selected Czech hydrological\nstations indicate that the 1947 event was one of the 3 most important hydrologic drought\nepisodes since the late 1880s. Severe agricultural drought was reflected in a low to extremely bad\nharvest of cereals and other agricultural crops. A critical lack of cereals was remedied by ‘brotherly\nhelp’, i.e. relief shipments from the Soviet Union given for reasons that were far more political\nthan altruistic. The whole process received considerable a...