Abnormal Mechanical Loading Induces Cartilage Degeneration by Accelerating Meniscus Hypertrophy and Mineralization After ACL Injuries In Vivo

作者：Guoqing Du, Hongsheng Zhan, Dao-Fang Ding, Shaowei Wang, Xiaochun Wei, Fangyuan Wei, Jianzhong Zhang, Bahar Bilgen, Anthony M. Reginato, Braden C. Fleming, Jin Deng, Wei Lei · 发表于：The American Journal of Sports Medicine · 年份：2016 · DOI：10.1177/0363546515621285 · 被引用次数：47 · 研究领域：Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques、Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms、Tendon Structure and Treatment

BACKGROUND: Although patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have a high risk of developing posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), the role of meniscus hypertrophy and mineralization in PTOA after an ACL injury remains unknown. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to determine if menisci respond to abnormal loading and if an ACL injury results in meniscus hypertrophy and calcification. The hypotheses were that (1) abnormal mechanical loading after an ACL injury induces meniscus hypertrophy and mineralization, which correlates to articular cartilage damage in vivo, and (2) abnormal mechanical loading on bovine meniscus explants induces the overexpression of hypertrophic and mineralization markers in vitro. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: In vivo guinea pig study (hypothesis 1): Three-month-old male Hartley guinea pigs (n = 9) underwent ACL transection (ACLT) on the right knee; the left knee served as the control. Calcification in the menisci was evaluated by calcein labeling 1 and 5 days before knee harvesting at 5.5 months. Cartilage and meniscus damage and mineralization were quantified by the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score and meniscus grade, respectively. Indian hedgehog (Ihh), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), collagen type X (Col X), progressive ankylosis homolog (ANKH), ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (ENPP1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), and inorgan...