Achievement orientations from subjective histories of success: Promotion pride versus prevention pride

作者：Edward Tory Higgins, Ronald Seth Friedman, Robert E. Harlow, Lorraine Chen Idson, Özlem N. Ayduk, Amy M. Taylor · 发表于：European Journal of Social Psychology · 年份：2001 · DOI：10.1002/ejsp.27 · 被引用次数：1521 · 研究领域：Behavioral Health and Interventions、Social and Intergroup Psychology、Emotions and Moral Behavior

Abstract A new task goal elicits a feeling of pride in individuals with a subjective history of success, and this achievment pride produces anticipatory goal reactions that energize and direct behavior to approach the task goal. By distinguishing between promotion pride and prevention pride, the present paper extends this classic model of achievement motivation. Regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997 ) distinguishes between a promotion focus on hopes and accomplishments (gains) and a prevention focus on safety and responsibilities (non‐losses). We propose that a subjective history of success with promotion‐related eagerness (promotion pride) orients individuals toward using eagerness means to approach a new task goal, whereas a subjective history of success with prevention‐related vigilance (prevention pride) orients individuals toward using vigilance means to approach a new task goal. Studies 1–3 tested this proposal by examining the relations between a new measure of participants' subjective histories of promotion success and prevention success (the Regulatory Focus Questionnaire (RFQ)) and their achievement strategies in different tasks. Study 4 examined the relation between participants' RFQ responses and their reported frequency of feeling eager or vigilant in past task engagements. Study 5 used an experimental priming technique to make participants temporarily experience either a subjective history of promotion success or a subjective history of prevention success. For ...