A process‐based diagnostic approach to model evaluation: Application to the NWS distributed hydrologic model

作者：Koray K. Yılmaz, Hoshin V. Gupta, Thorsten Wagener · 发表于：Water Resources Research · 年份：2008 · DOI：10.1029/2007wr006716 · 被引用次数：723 · 研究领域：Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies、Hydrological Forecasting Using AI、Flood Risk Assessment and Management

Distributed hydrological models have the potential to provide improved streamflow forecasts along the entire channel network, while also simulating the spatial dynamics of evapotranspiration, soil moisture content, water quality, soil erosion, and land use change impacts. However, they are perceived as being difficult to parameterize and evaluate, thus translating into significant predictive uncertainty in the model results. Although a priori parameter estimates derived from observable watershed characteristics can help to minimize obstacles to model implementation, there exists a need for powerful automated parameter estimation strategies that incorporate diagnostic information regarding the causes of poor model performance. This paper investigates a diagnostic approach to model evaluation that exploits hydrological context and theory to aid in the detection and resolution of watershed model inadequacies, through consideration of three of the four major behavioral functions of any watershed system; overall water balance, vertical redistribution, and temporal redistribution (spatial redistribution was not addressed). Instead of using classical statistical measures (such as mean squared error), we use multiple hydrologically relevant “signature measures” to quantify the performance of the model at the watershed outlet in ways that correspond to the functions mentioned above and therefore help to guide model improvements in a meaningful way. We apply the approach to the Hydrolo...