G PROTEIN βγ SUBUNITS

作者：David E. Clapham, Eva J. Neer · 发表于：The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · 年份：1997 · DOI：10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.167 · 被引用次数：848 · 研究领域：Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling、NF-κB Signaling Pathways、RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms

Guanine nucleotide binding (G) proteins relay extracellular signals encoded in light, small molecules, peptides, and proteins to activate or inhibit intracellular enzymes and ion channels. The larger G proteins, made up of G alpha beta gamma heterotrimers, dissociate into G alpha and G beta gamma subunits that separately activate intracellular effector molecules. Only recently has the G beta gamma subunit been recognized as a signal transduction molecule in its own right; G beta gamma is now known to directly regulate as many different protein targets as the G alpha subunit. Recent X-ray crystallography of G alpha, G beta gamma, and G alpha beta gamma subunits will guide the investigation of structure-function relationships.