Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach.

作者：Charles S. Carver, M F Scheier, Jagdish K. Weintraub · 发表于：Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · 年份：1989 · DOI：10.1037//0022-3514.56.2.267 · 被引用次数：9308 · 研究领域：Optimism, Hope, and Well-being、Resilience and Mental Health、Health, psychology, and well-being

We developed a multidimensional coping inventory to assess the different ways in which people respond to stress. Five scales (of four items each) measure conceptually distinct aspects of problem-focused coping (active coping, planning, suppression of competing activities, restraint coping, seeking of instrumental social support); five scales measure aspects of what might be viewed as emotional-focused coping (seeking of emotional social support, positive reinterpretation, acceptance, denial, turning to religion); and three scales measure coping responses that arguably are less useful (focus on and venting of emotions, behavioral disengagement, mental disengagement). Study 1 reports the development of scale items. Study 2 reports correlations between the various coping scales and several theoretically relevant personality measures in an effort to provide preliminary information about the inventory's convergent and discriminant validity. Study 3 uses the inventory to assess coping responses among a group of undergraduates who were attempting to cope with a specific stressful episode. This study also allowed an initial examination of associations between dispositional and situational coping tendencies.