Sulfide as a soil phytotoxin—a review

作者：Leon P. M. Lamers, Laura L. Govers, Inge C. J. M. Janssen, Jeroen J. M. Geurts, Marlies E.W. van der Welle, Marieke M. van Katwijk, Tjisse van der Heide, Jan G. M. Roelofs, Alfons J. P. Smolders · 发表于：Frontiers in Plant Science · 年份：2013 · DOI：10.3389/fpls.2013.00268 · 被引用次数：362 · 研究领域：Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics、Marine and coastal ecosystems、Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics

In wetland soils and underwater sediments of marine, brackish and freshwater systems, the strong phytotoxin sulfide may accumulate as a result of microbial reduction of sulfate during anaerobiosis, its level depending on prevailing edaphic conditions. In this review, we compare an extensive body of literature on phytotoxic effects of this reduced sulfur compound in different ecosystem types, and review the effects of sulfide at multiple ecosystem levels: the ecophysiological functioning of individual plants, plant-microbe associations, and community effects including competition and facilitation interactions. Recent publications on multi-species interactions in the rhizosphere show even more complex mechanisms explaining sulfide resistance. It is concluded that sulfide is a potent phytotoxin, profoundly affecting plant fitness and ecosystem functioning in the full range of wetland types including coastal systems, and at several levels. Traditional toxicity testing including hydroponic approaches generally neglect rhizospheric effects, which makes it difficult to extrapolate results to real ecosystem processes. To explain the differential effects of sulfide at the different organizational levels, profound knowledge about the biogeochemical, plant physiological and ecological rhizosphere processes is vital. This information is even more important, as anthropogenic inputs of sulfur into freshwater ecosystems and organic loads into freshwater and marine systems are still much hig...