Trophic Downgrading of Planet Earth

作者：James A. Estes, John Terborgh, Justin S. Brashares, Mary E. Power, Joël Berger, William J. Bond, Stephen R. Carpenter, Timothy E. Essington, Robert D. Holt, Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Robert J. Marquis, Lauri Oksanen, Tarja Oksanen, Robert T. Paine, Ellen K. Pikitch, William J. Ripple, Stuart A. Sandin, Marten Scheffer, Thomas W. Schoener, Jonathan B. Shurin, A. R. E. Sinclair, Michael E. Soulé, Risto Virtanen, David A. Wardle · 发表于：Science · 年份：2011 · DOI：10.1126/science.1205106 · 被引用次数：4090 · 研究领域：Ecosystem dynamics and resilience、Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies、Zoonotic diseases and public health

Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence on nature. Although such losses are widely viewed as an ethical and aesthetic problem, recent research reveals extensive cascading effects of their disappearance in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide. This empirical work supports long-standing theory about the role of top-down forcing in ecosystems but also highlights the unanticipated impacts of trophic cascades on processes as diverse as the dynamics of disease, wildfire, carbon sequestration, invasive species, and biogeochemical cycles. These findings emphasize the urgent need for interdisciplinary research to forecast the effects of trophic downgrading on process, function, and resilience in global ecosystems.