Invited Review: New Perspectives on the Roles of Nutrition and Metabolic Priorities in the Subfertility of High-Producing Dairy Cows

作者：L.M. Chagas, J. J. Bass, Dominique Blache, C.R. Burke, Jane K. Kay, D. R. Lindsay, M.C. Lucy, Graeme Bruce Martin, S. Meier, F.M. Rhodes, John R. Roche, WILLIAM W. THATCHER, ROBERT WEBB · 发表于：Journal of Dairy Science · 年份：2007 · DOI：10.3168/jds.2006-852 · 被引用次数：355 · 研究领域：Reproductive Physiology in Livestock、Reproductive Biology and Fertility、Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock

Management, nutrition, production, and genetics are the main reasons for the decline in fertility in the modern dairy cow. Selection for the single trait of milk production with little consideration for traits associated with reproduction in the modern dairy cow has produced an antagonistic relationship between milk yield and reproductive performance. The outcome is a multi-factorial syndrome of subfertility during lactation; thus, to achieve a better understanding and derive a solution, it is necessary to integrate a range of disciplines, including genetics, nutrition, immunology, molecular biology, endocrinology, metabolic and reproductive physiology, and animal welfare. The common theme underlying the process is a link between nutritional and metabolic inputs that support complex interactions between the gonadotropic and somatotropic axes. Multiple hormonal and metabolic signals from the liver, pancreas, muscle, and adipose tissues act on brain centers regulating feed intake, energy balance, and metabolism. Among these signals, glucose, fatty acids, insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin, growth hormone, ghrelin, leptin, and perhaps myostatin appear to play key roles. Many of these factors are affected by changes in the somatotropic axis that are a consequence of, or are needed to support, high milk production. Ovarian tissues also respond directly to metabolic inputs, with consequences for folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, and the development of the oocyte and embryo. Lit...