Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans

作者：Brian J. Haas, Sophien Kamoun, Michael C. Zody, Rays H. Y. Jiang, Robert E. Handsaker, Liliana M. Cano, Manfred Grabherr, Chinnappa D. Kodira, Sylvain Raffaele, Trudy Torto-Alalibo, Tolga O. Bozkurt, Audrey M. V. Ah‐Fong, Lucia Alvarado, Vicky L. Anderson, Miles R. Armstrong, Anna O. Avrova, Laura Baxter, Jim Beynon, Petra C. Boevink, Stephanie R. Bollmann, Jorunn I. B. Bos, Vincent Bulone, Guohong Cai, Cahid Çakir, James C. Carrington, Megan Chawner, Lucio Conti, Stefano Costanzo, Richard Ewan, Noah Fahlgren, Michael A. Fischbach, Johanna Fugelstad, Eleanor M. Gilroy, Sante Gnerre, Pamela J. Green, Laura J. Grenville‐Briggs, John G. Griffith, Niklaus J. Grünwald, Karolyn Horn, Neil Horner, Chia‐Hui Hu, Edgar Huitema, Dong‐Hoon Jeong, Alexandra M. E. Jones, Jonathan D. G. Jones, Richard W. Jones, Elinor K. Karlsson, Sridhara G. Kunjeti, Kurt Lamour, Zhenyu Liu, Li‐Jun Ma, Dan MacLean, Marcus C. Chibucos, W. Hayes McDonald, Jessica McWalters, H.J.G. Meijer, William Morgan, Paul F. Morris, Carol A. Munro, Keith O’Neill, Manuel D. Ospina-Giraldo, Andrés Pinzón, Leighton Pritchard, Bernard Ramsahoye, Qinghu Ren, Silvia Restrepo, Sourav Roy, Ari Sadanandom, Alon Savidor, Sebastian Schornack, David C. Schwartz, Ulrike Schümann, Benjamin Schwessinger, Lauren Seyer, Ted Sharpe, Cristina Silvar, Jing Song, David J. Studholme, Sean M. Sykes, Marco Thines, Peter J. I. van de Vondervoort, Vipaporn Phuntumart, Stephan Wawra, R. Weide, Joe Win, Carolyn A. Young, Shiguo Zhou, William E. Fry, Blake C. Meyers, Pieter van West, Jean B. Ristaino, Francine Govers, Paul R. J. Birch, Stephen C. Whisson, Howard S. Judelson, Chad Nusbaum · 发表于：Nature · 年份：2009 · DOI：10.1038/nature08358 · 被引用次数：1534 · 研究领域：Plant Pathogens and Resistance、Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics、Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies

The genome of Phytophthora infestans, the pathogen that triggered the Irish potato famine in the nineteenth century, has been sequenced. It remains a devastating pathogen, with late blight destroying crops worth billions of dollars each year. Blight is difficult to control, in part because it adapts so quickly to genetically resistant potato strains. Comparison with two other Phytophthora genomes shows rapid turnover and extensive expansion of specific families of secreted disease effector proteins, including many genes induced during infection that have activities thought to alter host physiology. These fast evolving effector genes are found in highly dynamic and expanded regions of the genome, a factor that may contribute to its rapid adaptability to host plants. The P. infestans genome is the biggest so far sequenced, at about 240 megabases, with an extremely high repeat content of close to 75%. It is a model organism for the oomycetes, a distinct lineage of fungus-like eukaryotes related to organisms such as brown algae and diatoms. Phytophthora infestans is a fungus-like eukaryote and the most destructive pathogen of potato, with current annual worldwide potato crop losses due to late blight estimated at $6.7 billion. Here, the sequence of the P. infestans genome is reported. Comparison with two other Phytophthora genomes showed rapid turnover and extensive expansion of certain secreted disease effector proteins, probably explaining the rapid adaptability of the pathogen...