The design and implementation of Zap

作者：Steven Osman, Dinesh Subhraveti, Gong Su, Jason Nieh · 发表于：ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review · 年份：2002 · DOI：10.1145/844128.844162 · 被引用次数：408 · 研究领域：Software-Defined Networks and 5G、Caching and Content Delivery、Distributed systems and fault tolerance

We have created Zap, a novel system for transparent migration of legacy and networked applications. Zap provides a thin virtualization layer on top of the operating system that introduces pods, which are groups of processes that are provided a consistent, virtualized view of the system. This decouples processes in pods from dependencies to the host operating system and other processes on the system. By integrating Zap virtualization with a checkpoint-restart mechanism, Zap can migrate a pod of processes as a unit among machines running independent operating systems without leaving behind any residual state after migration. We have implemented a Zap prototype in Linux that supports transparent migration of unmodified applications without any kernel modifications. We demonstrate that our Linux Zap prototype can provide general-purpose process migration functionality with low overhead. Our experimental results for migrating pods used for running a standard user's X windows desktop computing environment and for running an Apache web server show that these kinds of pods can be migrated with subsecond checkpoint and restart latencies.