Improved genome assembly and evidence-based global gene model set for the chordate Ciona intestinalis: new insight into intron and operon populations

作者：Yutaka Satou, Katsuhiko Mineta, Michio Ogasawara, Yasunori Sasakura, Eiichi Shoguchi, Keisuke Ueno, Lixy Yamada, Jun Matsumoto, Jessica Wasserscheid, Ken Dewar, Graham B. Wiley, Simone L. Macmil, Bruce A. Roe, Robert W. Zeller, Kenneth E.M. Hastings, Patrick Lemaire, Erika Lindquist, Toshinori Endo, Kohji Hotta, Kazuo Inaba · 发表于：Genome biology · 年份：2008 · DOI：10.1186/gb-2008-9-10-r152 · 被引用次数：217 · 研究领域：Marine Ecology and Invasive Species、Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation、Evolution and Genetic Dynamics

BACKGROUND: The draft genome sequence of the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, along with associated gene models, has been a valuable research resource. However, recently accumulated expressed sequence tag (EST)/cDNA data have revealed numerous inconsistencies with the gene models due in part to intrinsic limitations in gene prediction programs and in part to the fragmented nature of the assembly. RESULTS: We have prepared a less-fragmented assembly on the basis of scaffold-joining guided by paired-end EST and bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) sequences, and BAC chromosomal in situ hybridization data. The new assembly (115.2 Mb) is similar in length to the initial assembly (116.7 Mb) but contains 1,272 (approximately 50%) fewer scaffolds. The largest scaffold in the new assembly incorporates 95 initial-assembly scaffolds. In conjunction with the new assembly, we have prepared a greatly improved global gene model set strictly correlated with the extensive currently available EST data. The total gene number (15,254) is similar to that of the initial set (15,582), but the new set includes 3,330 models at genomic sites where none were present in the initial set, and 1,779 models that represent fusions of multiple previously incomplete models. In approximately half, 5'-ends were precisely mapped using 5'-full-length ESTs, an important refinement even in otherwise unchanged models. CONCLUSION: Using these new resources, we identify a population of non-canonical (non-GT-AG) introns a...