Finished Genome of the Fungal Wheat Pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola Reveals Dispensome Structure, Chromosome Plasticity, and Stealth Pathogenesis

作者：Stephen B. Goodwin, Sarrah Ben M’Barek, Braham Deep Singh Dhillon, Alexander H. J. Wittenberg, Charles F. Crane, James K. Hane, Andrew J. Foster, Théo van der Lee, Jane Grimwood, Andrea L. Aerts, JOHN F. ANTONIW, Andy M. Bailey, Burt H. Bluhm, Judith Bowler, Jim Bristow, Ate van der Burgt, Blondy Canto‐Canché, Alice C. L. Churchill, Laura Conde‐Ferráez, H. J. Cools, Pedro M. Coutinho, Michael Csukai, Paramvir Dehal, PIERRE J. G. M. DE WIT, Bruno G. G. Donzelli, Henri van de Geest, Roeland C. H. J. van Ham, Kim E. Hammond-Kosack, Bernard Henrissat, Andrzej Kilian, Adilson Kenji Kobayashi, Edda Koopmann, Yiannis A. I. Kourmpetis, Arnold Kuzniar, Erika Lindquist, Vincent Lombard, Chris A. Maliepaard, N. F. Martins, Rahim Mehrabi, Jan Peter Nap, A. Ponomarenko, J. J. Rudd, Asaf A. Salamov, Jeremy Schmutz, Henk J. Schouten, Harris J. Shapiro, Ioannis Stergiopoulos, Stefano F. F. Torriani, Hank Tu, Ronald P. de Vries, Cees Waalwijk, Sarah B. Ware, Ad Wiebenga, L.H. Zwiers, Richard Peter Oliver, Igor V. Grigoriev, Gert H. J. Kema · 发表于：PLoS Genetics · 年份：2011 · DOI：10.1371/journal.pgen.1002070 · 被引用次数：683 · 研究领域：Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology、Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics、Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases

The plant-pathogenic fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (asexual stage: Septoria tritici) causes septoria tritici blotch, a disease that greatly reduces the yield and quality of wheat. This disease is economically important in most wheat-growing areas worldwide and threatens global food production. Control of the disease has been hampered by a limited understanding of the genetic and biochemical bases of pathogenicity, including mechanisms of infection and of resistance in the host. Unlike most other plant pathogens, M. graminicola has a long latent period during which it evades host defenses. Although this type of stealth pathogenicity occurs commonly in Mycosphaerella and other Dothideomycetes, the largest class of plant-pathogenic fungi, its genetic basis is not known. To address this problem, the genome of M. graminicola was sequenced completely. The finished genome contains 21 chromosomes, eight of which could be lost with no visible effect on the fungus and thus are dispensable. This eight-chromosome dispensome is dynamic in field and progeny isolates, is different from the core genome in gene and repeat content, and appears to have originated by ancient horizontal transfer from an unknown donor. Synteny plots of the M. graminicola chromosomes versus those of the only other sequenced Dothideomycete, Stagonospora nodorum, revealed conservation of gene content but not order or orientation, suggesting a high rate of intra-chromosomal rearrangement in one or both species. Th...