The 2004 World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology classification system for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

作者：Chin‐Chen Pan, Yen-Hwa Chang · 发表于：Urological Science · 年份：2013 · DOI：10.1016/j.urols.2013.06.006 · 被引用次数：9 · 研究领域：Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments、Urinary and Genital Oncology Studies、Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection

Urothelial carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of the bladder. More than half of all bladder urothelial carcinomas present as papillary, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers (NMIBCs), being either noninvasive (Ta) or lamina propria invasive (T1). The rest are high-grade and muscularis propria invasive. Because these two tumor groups behave differently in recurrence, progression, and cancer-related mortality, different treatment strategies are applied. NMIBCs are usually treated by transurethral resection (TUR) followed by intravesical instillation, whereas high-grade, muscleinvasive tumors are eligible for cystectomy. Due to the unfavorable prognosis of muscle-invasive tumors, prognostic indicators that are able to predict a subset of NMIBC likely to progress are needed to tailor more aggressive surveillance and management.