Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches to Implementation Research: a Critical Analysis and Suggested Synthesis

作者：Paul Sabatier · 发表于：Journal of Public Policy · 年份：1986 · DOI：10.1017/s0143814x00003846 · 被引用次数：1879 · 研究领域：Evaluation and Performance Assessment、Public Policy and Administration Research、Policy Transfer and Learning

Abstract This paper first reviews the implementation literature of the past fifteen years, with particular emphasis on the relative strengths and weaknesses of the ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches. It also argues that the 4–6 year time-frame used in most implementation research misses many critical features of public policy-making. The paper then outlines a conceptual framework for examining policy change over a 10–20 year period which combines the best features of the ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches with insights from other literatures.