Titanium nanostructures for biomedical applications

作者：M.S. Kulkarni, Anca Mazare, Ekaterina Gongadze, Šárka Perutková, Veronika Kralj‐Iglič, Ingrid Milošev, Patrik Schmuki, Aleš Iglič, Miran Mozetič · 发表于：Nanotechnology · 年份：2015 · DOI：10.1088/0957-4484/26/6/062002 · 被引用次数：509 · 研究领域：Bone Tissue Engineering Materials、Titanium Alloys Microstructure and Properties、Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications

Titanium and titanium alloys exhibit a unique combination of strength and biocompatibility, which enables their use in medical applications and accounts for their extensive use as implant materials in the last 50 years. Currently, a large amount of research is being carried out in order to determine the optimal surface topography for use in bioapplications, and thus the emphasis is on nanotechnology for biomedical applications. It was recently shown that titanium implants with rough surface topography and free energy increase osteoblast adhesion, maturation and subsequent bone formation. Furthermore, the adhesion of different cell lines to the surface of titanium implants is influenced by the surface characteristics of titanium; namely topography, charge distribution and chemistry. The present review article focuses on the specific nanotopography of titanium, i.e. titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes, using a simple electrochemical anodisation method of the metallic substrate and other processes such as the hydrothermal or sol-gel template. One key advantage of using TiO2 nanotubes in cell interactions is based on the fact that TiO2 nanotube morphology is correlated with cell adhesion, spreading, growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, which were shown to be maximally induced on smaller diameter nanotubes (15 nm), but hindered on larger diameter (100 nm) tubes, leading to cell death and apoptosis. Research has supported the significance of nanotopography (TiO2 nano...