Co-occurrence of toxic bacterial and fungal secondary metabolites in moisture-damaged indoor environments

作者：Martin Täubel, Michael Sulyok, Vinay Vishwanath, Erica Bloom, Merita Turunen, Kati Järvi, Eeva Kauhanen, Rudolf Krska, Anne Hyvärinen, Lennart Larsson, Aino Nevalainen · 发表于：Indoor Air · 年份：2011 · DOI：10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00721.x · 被引用次数：76 · 研究领域：Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure、Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food、Building materials and conservation

UNLABELLED: Toxic microbial secondary metabolites have been proposed to be related to adverse health effects observed in moisture-damaged buildings. Initial steps in assessing the actual risk include the characterization of the exposure. In our study, we applied a multi-analyte tandem mass spectrometry-based methodology on sample materials of severely moisture-damaged homes, aiming to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the variety of microbial metabolites occurring in building materials and different dust sample types. From 69 indoor samples, all were positive for at least one of the 186 analytes targeted and as many as 33 different microbial metabolites were found. For the first time, the presence of toxic bacterial metabolites and their co-occurrence with mycotoxins were shown for indoor samples. The bacterial compounds monactin, nonactin, staurosporin and valinomycin were exclusively detected in building materials from moist structures, while chloramphenicol was particularly prevalent in house dusts, including settled airborne dust. These bacterial metabolites are highly bioactive compounds produced by Streptomyces spp., a group of microbes that is considered a moisture damage indicator in indoor environments. We show that toxic bacterial metabolites need to be considered as being part of very complex and diverse microbial exposures in 'moldy' buildings. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Bacterial toxins co-occur with mycotoxins in moisture-damaged indoor environments. These ...