Acquiring and maintaining a normal oral microbiome: current perspective

作者：Egija Zaura, Elena A. Nicu, Bastiaan Philip Krom, Bart J. F. Keijser · 发表于：Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · 年份：2014 · DOI：10.3389/fcimb.2014.00085 · 被引用次数：288 · 研究领域：Oral microbiology and periodontitis research、Gut microbiota and health、Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions

The oral microbiota survives daily physical and chemical perturbations from the intake of food and personal hygiene measures, resulting in a long-term stable microbiome. Biological properties that confer stability in the microbiome are important for the prevention of dysbiosis-a microbial shift toward a disease, e.g., periodontitis or caries. Although processes that underlie oral diseases have been studied extensively, processes involved in maintaining of a normal, healthy microbiome are poorly understood. In this review we present our hypothesis on how a healthy oral microbiome is acquired and maintained. We introduce our view on the prenatal development of tolerance for the normal oral microbiome: we propose that development of fetal tolerance toward the microbiome of the mother during pregnancy is the major factor for a successful acquisition of a normal microbiome. We describe the processes that influence the establishment of such microbiome, followed by our perspective on the process of sustaining a healthy oral microbiome. We divide microbiome-maintenance factors into host-derived and microbe-derived, while focusing on the host. Finally, we highlight the need and directions for future research.