The Letter Digit Substitution Test: Normative Data for 1,858 Healthy Participants Aged 24–81 from the Maastricht Aging Study (MAAS): Influence of Age, Education, and Sex

作者：Wim Van der Elst, Martin P.J. van Boxtel, Gerard van Breukelen, Jelle Jolles · 发表于：Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · 年份：2006 · DOI：10.1080/13803390591004428 · 被引用次数：399 · 研究领域：Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research、Aging and Gerontology Research、Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism

The Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST) is based on earlier developed substitution tests (e.g., Digit Symbol Substitution Test) but uses over-learned signs instead of the symbols used in other substitution tests. The written and oral versions of the LDST were administered to a large, cognitively screened sample (N = 1,858) of adults aged 24 to 81 years. Age was the most important predictor of LDST performance, and females outperformed males. A low level of education profoundly influenced LDST performance: the effect of a low versus high level of education on LDST performance was comparable to about 20 years of aging. Regression-based normative data were prepared for both the written and oral versions of the LDST.