The Osteocyte: An Endocrine Cell … and More

作者：Sarah L. Dallas, Matthew Prideaux, Lynda Faye Bonewald · 发表于：Endocrine Reviews · 年份：2013 · DOI：10.1210/er.2012-1026 · 被引用次数：1032 · 研究领域：Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments、Bone health and treatments、Bone Metabolism and Diseases

Few investigators think of bone as an endocrine gland, even after the discovery that osteocytes produce circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 that targets the kidney and potentially other organs.In fact, until the last few years, osteocytes were perceived by many as passive, metabolically inactive cells.However, exciting recent discoveries have shown that osteocytes encased within mineralized bone matrix are actually multifunctional cells with many key regulatory roles in bone and mineral homeostasis.In addition to serving as endocrine cells and regulators of phosphate homeostasis, these cells control bone remodeling through regulation of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts, are mechanosensory cells that coordinate adaptive responses of the skeleton to mechanical loading, and also serve as a manager of the bone's reservoir of calcium.Osteocytes must survive for decades within the bone matrix, making them one of the longest lived cells in the body.Viability and survival are therefore extremely important to ensure optimal function of the osteocyte network.As we continue to search for new therapeutics, in addition to the osteoclast and the osteoblast, the osteocyte should be considered in new strategies to prevent and treat bone disease.(Endocrine Reviews 34: 658 -690, 2013) I. Introduction II.Osteocyte Differentiation and Embedding III.Morphology of Osteocytes, Their Dendrites, and Lacunocanalicular System IV. Osteocyte Selective Genes/Proteins and Their Potential Functions V. T...