The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks

作者：Hiroyasu Furukawa, Kyle E. Cordova, M. O’Keeffe, Omar M. Yaghi · 发表于：Science · 年份：2013 · DOI：10.1126/science.1230444 · 被引用次数：16887 · 研究领域：Metal-Organic Frameworks: Synthesis and Applications、Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis、Machine Learning in Materials Science

Background Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are made by linking inorganic and organic units by strong bonds (reticular synthesis). The flexibility with which the constituents’ geometry, size, and functionality can be varied has led to more than 20,000 different MOFs being reported and studied within the past decade. The organic units are ditopic or polytopic organic carboxylates (and other similar negatively charged molecules), which, when linked to metal-containing units, yield architecturally robust crystalline MOF structures with a typical porosity of greater than 50% of the MOF crystal volume. The surface area values of such MOFs typically range from 1000 to 10,000 m 2 /g, thus exceeding those of traditional porous materials such as zeolites and carbons. To date, MOFs with permanent porosity are more extensive in their variety and multiplicity than any other class of porous materials. These aspects have made MOFs ideal candidates for storage of fuels (hydrogen and methane), capture of carbon dioxide, and catalysis applications, to mention a few. Advances The ability to vary the size and nature of MOF structures without changing their underlying topology gave rise to the isoreticular principle and its application in making MOFs with the largest pore aperture (98 Å) and lowest density (0.13 g/cm 3 ). This has allowed for the selective inclusion of large molecules (e.g., vitamin B 12 ) and proteins (e.g., green fluorescent protein) and the exploitation of the pores as reactio...