Global Prevalence and Major Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy

作者：Joanne Yau, Sophie Rogers, Ryo Kawasaki, Ecosse L. Lamoureux, Jonathan W. Kowalski, Toke Bek, Shih‐Jen Chen, Joost Dekker, Astrid Fletcher, Jakob Grauslund, Steven M. Haffner, Richard F. Hamman, M. Kamran Ikram, Takamasa Kayama, Barbara E.K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Sannapaneni Krishnaiah, Korapat Mayurasakorn, Joseph Paul O’Hare, Trevor J. Orchard, Massimo Porta, M. Rema, Monique Roy, Tarun Sharma, Jonathan E. Shaw, Hugh R. Taylor, James M. Tielsch, Rohit Varma, Jie Jin Wang, Ningli Wang, Sheila K. West, Liang Xu, Miho Yasuda, Xinzhi Zhang, Paul Mitchell, Tien Yin Wong, for the Meta-Analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study Group · 发表于：Diabetes Care · 年份：2012 · DOI：10.2337/dc11-1909 · 被引用次数：5026 · 研究领域：Retinal Diseases and Treatments、Retinal Imaging and Analysis、Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies

OBJECTIVE: To examine the global prevalence and major risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) among people with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A pooled analysis using individual participant data from population-based studies around the world was performed. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify all population-based studies in general populations or individuals with diabetes who had ascertained DR from retinal photographs. Studies provided data for DR end points, including any DR, proliferative DR, diabetic macular edema, and VTDR, and also major systemic risk factors. Pooled prevalence estimates were directly age-standardized to the 2010 World Diabetes Population aged 20-79 years. RESULTS: A total of 35 studies (1980-2008) provided data from 22,896 individuals with diabetes. The overall prevalence was 34.6% (95% CI 34.5-34.8) for any DR, 6.96% (6.87-7.04) for proliferative DR, 6.81% (6.74-6.89) for diabetic macular edema, and 10.2% (10.1-10.3) for VTDR. All DR prevalence end points increased with diabetes duration, hemoglobin A(1c), and blood pressure levels and were higher in people with type 1 compared with type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: There are approximately 93 million people with DR, 17 million with proliferative DR, 21 million with diabetic macular edema, and 28 million with VTDR worldwide. Longer diabetes duration and poorer glycemic and blood pressure control are strongly associated with D...