Smoking and Periodontal Disease: A Review of the Literature

作者：Francisco Rivera‐Hidalgo · 发表于：Journal of Periodontology · 年份：1986 · DOI：10.1902/jop.1986.57.10.617 · 被引用次数：72 · 研究领域：Oral microbiology and periodontitis research、Dental Health and Care Utilization、Oral Health Pathology and Treatment

The literature related to smoking and periodontal disease is reviewed. The effects of smoking on oral hygiene, gingivitis, necrotizing gingivitis, periodontitis, bacteria and the host's response are presented. From this review it is apparent that while the relationship between smoking and periodontal disease needs further study, smoking is detrimental to periodontal health as it worsens the oral hygiene status and depresses the host's defense posture.