Photonic Crystal Glucose-Sensing Material for Noninvasive Monitoring of Glucose in Tear Fluid

作者：Vladimir L. Alexeev, Sasmita Das, David N. Finegold, Sanford A. Asher · 发表于：Clinical Chemistry · 年份：2004 · DOI：10.1373/clinchem.2004.039701 · 被引用次数：369 · 研究领域：Ocular Surface and Contact Lens、Analytical Chemistry and Sensors、Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions

BACKGROUND: We recently developed a photonic crystal glucose-sensing material, which consists of a crystalline colloidal array embedded within a polymer network of a polyacrylamide-poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel with pendent phenylboronic acid groups. The aim of the present work was to improve this approach for application to noninvasive or minimally invasive monitoring of glucose. METHODS: We used new boronic acid derivatives such as 4-amino-3-fluorophenylboronic acid and 4-carboxy-3-fluorophenylboronic acid as the molecular recognition elements to achieve sensing at physiologic pH values. RESULTS: The improved photonic glucose-sensing material sensed glucose in the range of the 100 mumol/L concentrations found in tear fluid. The detection limits were approximately 1 mumol/L in synthetic tear fluid. The visually evident diffraction color shifted across the entire visible spectral region from red to blue over the physiologically relevant tear-fluid glucose concentrations. This sensing material is selective for glucose over galactose, mannose, and fructose. CONCLUSIONS: These new glucose sensors have properties appropriate for use in such glucose-sensing applications as ocular inserts or diagnostic contact lenses for patients with diabetes mellitus.