Hyperdominance in the Amazonian Tree Flora

作者：Hans ter Steege, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Daniel Sabatier, Christopher Baraloto, Rafael P. Salomão, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Oliver L. Phillips, Carolina V. Castilho, William E. Magnusson, Jean‐François Molino, Abel Monteagudo, Percy Núñez Vargas, Juan Carlos Montero, Ted R. Feldpausch, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Tim J. Killeen, Bonifacio Mostacedo, Rodolfo Vásquez, Rafael L. Assis, John Terborgh, Florian Wittmann, Ana Andrade, Susan G. W. Laurance, Susan G. W. Laurance, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Ben Hur Marimon, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Roel Brienen, Hernán Castellanos, Dairon Cárdenas López, Joost F. Duivenvoorden, Hugo F. Mogollón, Francisca Dionízia de Almeida Matos, Nállarett Dávila, Roosevelt García‐Villacorta, Pablo R. Stevenson, Flávia R. C. Costa, Thaíse Emilio, Carolina Levis, Juliana Schietti, Priscila Souza, Alfonso Alonso, Francisco Dallmeier, Álvaro Javier Duque Montoya, María Teresa Fernández Piedade, Alejandro Araujo‐Murakami, Luzmila Arroyo, Rogério Gribel, Paul V. A. Fine, Carlos A. Peres, Marisol Toledo, Gerardo A. Aymard C., Timothy R. Baker, Carlos Cerón, Julien Engel, Terry W. Henkel, Paul J. M. Maas, Pascal Petronelli, Juliana Stropp, Charles E. Zartman, Doug Daly, David Neill, Marcos Silveira, Marcos Ríos Paredes, Jérôme Chave, Diógenes de Andrade Lima Filho, Peter Møller Jørgensen, A C., Jochen Schöngart, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Anthony Di Fiore, E. Jiménez, María Cristina Peñuela Mora, Juan Fernando Phillips, Gonzalo Rivas‐Torres, Tinde van Andel, Patricio von Hildebrand, Bruce Hoffman, Eglée L. Zent, Yadvinder Malhi, Adriana Prieto, Agustín Rudas, Ademir R. Ruschell, Natalino Silva, Vincent Antoine Vos, Stanford Zent, Alexandre A. Oliveira, Ángela Cano, Therany Gonzales, Marcelo Trindade Nascimento, Hirma Ramírez‐Angulo, Rodrigo Sierra, Milton Tirado, María Natalia Umaña Medina, Geertje van der Heijden, César I. A. Vela, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Corine Vriesendorp, Ophelia Wang, Kenneth R. Young, Cláudia Baider, Henrik Balslev, Cid Ferreira, Italo Mesones, Armando Torres‐Lezama, Ligia Estela Urrego Giraldo, Roderick Zagt, Miguel N. Alexiades, Lionel Hernández, Isau Huamantupa‐Chuquimaco, William Milliken, Walter Palacios Cuenca, Daniela Pauletto, Elvis Valderrama Sandoval, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Kyle G. Dexter, Kenneth J. Feeley, Gabriela López‐González, Miles R. Silman · 发表于：Science · 年份：2013 · DOI：10.1126/science.1243092 · 被引用次数：1447 · 研究领域：Plant and animal studies、Plant Diversity and Evolution、Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies

Introduction Recent decades have seen a major international effort to inventory tree communities in the Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield (Amazonia), but the vast extent and record diversity of these forests have hampered an understanding of basinwide patterns. To overcome this obstacle, we compiled and standardized species-level data on more than half a million trees in 1170 plots sampling all major lowland forest types to explore patterns of commonness, rarity, and richness. Methods The ~6-million-km 2 Amazonian lowlands were divided into 1° cells, and mean tree density was estimated for each cell by using a loess regression model that included no environmental data but had its basis exclusively in the geographic location of tree plots. A similar model, allied with a bootstrapping exercise to quantify sampling error, was used to generate estimated Amazon-wide abundances of the 4962 valid species in the data set. We estimated the total number of tree species in the Amazon by fitting the mean rank-abundance data to Fisher’s log-series distribution. Results Our analyses suggest that lowland Amazonia harbors 3.9 × 10 11 trees and ~16,000 tree species. We found 227 “hyperdominant” species (1.4% of the total) to be so common that together they account for half of all trees in Amazonia, whereas the rarest 11,000 species account for just 0.12% of trees. Most hyperdominants are habitat specialists that have large geographic ranges but are only dominant in one or two regions of the basi...