Black Carbon Increases Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils

作者：Biqing Liang, Johannes Lehmann, Dawit Solomon, James Kinyangi, Julie Grossman, Brendan O’Neill, J. O. Skjemstad, Janice E. Thies, Flávio J. Luizão, James B. Petersen, Eduardo Góes Neves · 发表于：Soil Science Society of America Journal · 年份：2006 · DOI：10.2136/sssaj2005.0383 · 被引用次数：2208 · 研究领域：Amazonian Archaeology and Ethnohistory、Isotope Analysis in Ecology、Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis

Black Carbon (BC) may significantly affect nutrient retention and play a key role in a wide range of biogeochemical processes in soils, especially for nutrient cycling. Anthrosols from the Brazilian Amazon (ages between 600 and 8700 yr BP) with high contents of biomass‐derived BC had greater potential cation exchange capacity (CEC measured at pH 7) per unit organic C than adjacent soils with low BC contents. Synchrotron‐based near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy coupled with scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy (STXM) techniques explained the source of the higher surface charge of BC compared with non‐BC by mapping cross‐sectional areas of BC particles with diameters of 10 to 50 μm for C forms. The largest cross‐sectional areas consisted of highly aromatic or only slightly oxidized organic C most likely originating from the BC itself with a characteristic peak at 286.1 eV, which could not be found in humic substance extracts, bacteria or fungi. Oxidation significantly increased from the core of BC particles to their surfaces as shown by the ratio of carboxyl‐C/aromatic‐C. Spotted and non‐continuous distribution patterns of highly oxidized C functional groups with distinctly different chemical signatures on BC particle surfaces (peak shift at 286.1 eV to a higher energy of 286.7 eV) indicated that non‐BC may be adsorbed on the surfaces of BC particles creating highly oxidized surface. As a consequence of both oxidation of the BC particles themselve...