Full Accounting of Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes in the U.S. Population in 1988–1994 and 2005–2006

作者：Catherine C. Cowie, Keith Rust, Earl S. Ford, Mark S. Eberhardt, Danita D. Byrd-Holt, Chaoyang Li, Desmond E. Williams, Edward W. Gregg, Kathleen E. Bainbridge, Sharon Saydah, Linda S. Geiss · 发表于：Diabetes Care · 年份：2008 · DOI：10.2337/dc08-1296 · 被引用次数：1164 · 研究领域：Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins、Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer、Diabetes Management and Education

OBJECTIVE: We examined the prevalences of diagnosed diabetes, and undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes using fasting and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test values, in the U.S. during 2005-2006. We then compared the prevalences of these conditions with those in 1988-1994. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In 2005-2006, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey included a probability sample of 7,267 people aged > or =12 years. Participants were classified according to glycemic status by interview for diagnosed diabetes and by fasting and 2-h glucoses measured in subsamples. RESULTS: In 2005-2006, the crude prevalence of total diabetes in people aged > or =20 years was 12.9%, of which approximately 40% was undiagnosed. In people aged > or =20 years, the crude prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 25.7% and of impaired glucose tolerance was 13.8%, with almost 30% having either. Over 40% of individuals had diabetes or pre-diabetes. Almost one-third of the elderly had diabetes, and three-quarters had diabetes or pre-diabetes. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, age- and sex-standardized prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was approximately twice as high in non-Hispanic blacks (P < 0.0001) and Mexican Americans (P = 0.0001), whereas undiagnosed diabetes was not higher. Crude prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in people aged > or =20 years rose from 5.1% in 1988-1994 to 7.7% in 2005-2006 (P = 0.0001); this was significant after accounting for differences in age and sex, particular...