Non‐contrast enhanced MR angiography: Established techniques

作者：Mitsue Miyazaki, Masaaki Akahane · 发表于：Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · 年份：2011 · DOI：10.1002/jmri.22789 · 被引用次数：151 · 研究领域：Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications、Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes、MRI in cancer diagnosis

Until recently, time-of-flight (TOF) and phase contrast (PC) were the only non-contrast MR angiography (NC-MRA) techniques practically used in clinical. In the decade, NC-MRA have been gained a revival of an interest among the MR researchers and scientists, in part because of safety concerns related to the possible link between gadolinium-based contrast agents and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). This article introduces other established NC-MRA techniques, such as ECG-gated partial Fourier fast spin echo (FSE) and balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP), both with and without arterial spin labeling. Then, the article focuses on two main applications: peripheral run-off and renal MRA. Recently, both applications have achieved remarkable advancements and have become a viable clinical option as an alternative to contrast-enhanced (CE)-MRA. In addition, developments on the horizon including whole body MRA applications and further advancement at 3 Tesla are discussed.