An operational system for the assimilation of the satellite information on wild-land fires for the needs of air quality modelling and forecasting

作者：Mikhail Sofiev, Roman Vankevich, Milla Lötjönen, Marje Prank, V. Petukhov, Tatiana S. Ermakova, J. Koskinen, Jaakko Kukkonen · 发表于：Atmospheric chemistry and physics · 年份：2009 · DOI：10.5194/acp-9-6833-2009 · 被引用次数：226 · 研究领域：Fire effects on ecosystems、Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols、Atmospheric aerosols and clouds

Abstract. This paper investigates a potential of two remotely sensed wild-land fire characteristics: 4-μm Brightness Temperature Anomaly (TA) and Fire Radiative Power (FRP) for the needs of operational chemical transport modelling and short-term forecasting of atmospheric composition and air quality. The treatments of the TA and FRP data are presented and a methodology for evaluating the emission fluxes of primary aerosols (PM2.5 and total PM) is described. The method does not include the complicated analysis of vegetation state, fuel load, burning efficiency and related factors, which are uncertain but inevitably involved in approaches based on burnt-area scars or similar products. The core of the current methodology is based on the empirical emission factors that are used to convert the observed temperature anomalies and fire radiative powers into emission fluxes. These factors have been derived from the analysis of several fire episodes in Europe (28.4–5.5.2006, 15.8–25.8.2006 and in August 2008). These episodes were characterised by: (i) well-identified FRP and TA values, and (ii) available ground-based observations of aerosol concentrations, and optical thickness for the regions where the contribution of the fire smoke to the concentrations of PM2.5 was dominant, in comparison with those of other pollution sources. The emission factors were determined separately for the forested and grassland areas; in case of mixed-type land use, an intermediate scaling was assumed. Des...