Diet and Lifestyle Guidelines and Desirable Levels of Risk Factors for the Prevention of Diabetes and its Vascular Complications in Indians: A Scientific Statement of the International College of Nutrition

作者：Reema Singh, S. Rastogi, Paturi Vishnupriya Rao, Sidhartha Das, SV Madhu, Ashok Kumar Das, B K Sahay, Shigeto Fuse, R Beegom, G. S. Sainani, Neel Shah · 发表于：European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · 年份：1997 · DOI：10.1177/174182679700400307 · 被引用次数：36 · 研究领域：Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins、Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology、Global Health and Epidemiology

BACKGROUND: There has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in India, in association with rapid changes in diet and lifestyle. In adults, the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease is two- to threefold greater in the urban population than in rural populations; it is associated with modest insulin resistance in urban groups. METHODS: In response to a proposal by the International College of Nutrition that specialist experts should develop consensus recommendations for the prevention of chronic diseases, Indian specialists in diabetes and vascular disease have collaborated to produce guidelines relevant to the population of India. RECOMMENDATIONS: Because Indian urban populations have a modest increase in overweight and low rates of obesity in association with the rapid emergence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk, a body mass index of 21 kg/m2 should be considered safe, with a range of 19-23 kg/m2 acceptable; > 23 kg/m2 should be considered overweight, and > 25 kg/m2 should be taken to indicate obesity. A waist:hip ratio > 0.88 in males and > 0.85 in females should be considered to indicate central obesity, because the prevalence of coronary disease, hypertension and associated disturbances of insulin resistance are more common above these limits. For the prevention of vascular disease, there is general international consensus that the desirable serum concentration of cholesterol should be < 170 mg/dl (> 4.42 ...