Engagement of the Pd-1 Immunoinhibitory Receptor by a Novel B7 Family Member Leads to Negative Regulation of Lymphocyte Activation

作者：Gordon J. Freeman, Andrew J. Long, Yoshiko Iwai, Karen Bourque, Tatyana Chernova, Hiroyuki Nishimura, Lori Fitz, Nelly Malenkovich, Taku Okazaki, Michael C. Byrne, Heidi F. Horton, Lynette A. Fouser, Laura Carter, Vincent Ling, Michael Bowman, Beatriz M. Carreno, Mary Collins, Clive R. Wood, Tasuku Honjo · 发表于：The Journal of Experimental Medicine · 年份：2000 · DOI：10.1084/jem.192.7.1027 · 被引用次数：5264 · 研究领域：Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers、Immune Cell Function and Interaction、T-cell and B-cell Immunology

PD-1 is an immunoinhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells. Mice deficient in PD-1 exhibit a breakdown of peripheral tolerance and demonstrate multiple autoimmune features. We report here that the ligand of PD-1 (PD-L1) is a member of the B7 gene family. Engagement of PD-1 by PD-L1 leads to the inhibition of T cell receptor-mediated lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion. In addition, PD-1 signaling can inhibit at least suboptimal levels of CD28-mediated costimulation. PD-L1 is expressed by antigen-presenting cells, including human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with interferon gamma, and activated human and murine dendritic cells. In addition, PD-L1 is expressed in nonlymphoid tissues such as heart and lung. The relative levels of inhibitory PD-L1 and costimulatory B7-1/B7-2 signals on antigen-presenting cells may determine the extent of T cell activation and consequently the threshold between tolerance and autoimmunity. PD-L1 expression on nonlymphoid tissues and its potential interaction with PD-1 may subsequently determine the extent of immune responses at sites of inflammation.