A GENERAL PROTOCOL FOR RESTORATION OF REGULATED RIVERS

作者：Jack A. Stanford, JAMES V. WARD, William J. Liss, Christopher A. Frissell, Richard N. Williams, James A. Lichatowich, Charles C. Coutant · 发表于：Regulated Rivers Research & Management · 年份：1996 · DOI：10.1002/(sici)1099-1646(199607)12:4/5<391::aid-rrr436>3.0.co;2-4 · 被引用次数：701 · 研究领域：Fish Ecology and Management Studies、Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes、Freshwater macroinvertebrate diversity and ecology

Large catchment basins may be viewed as ecosystems in which natural and cultural attributes interact. Contemporary river ecology emphasizes the four-dimensional nature of the river continuum and the propensity for riverine biodiversity and bioproduction to be largely controlled by habitat maintenance processes, such as cut and fill alluviation mediated by catchment water yield. Stream regulation reduces annual flow amplitude, increases baseflow variation and changes temperature, mass transport and other important biophysical patterns and attributes. As a result, ecological connectivity between upstream and downstream reaches and between channels, ground waters and floodplains may be severed. Native biodiversity and bioproduction usually are reduced or changed and non-native biota proliferate. Regulated rivers regain normative attributes as distance from the dam increases and in relation to the mode of dam operation. Therefore, dam operations can be used to restructure altered temperature and flow regimes which, coupled with pollution abatement and management of non-native biota, enables natural processes to restore damaged habitats along the river's course. The expectation is recovery of depressed populations of native species. The protocol requires: restoring peak flows needed to reconnect and periodically reconfigure channel and floodplain habitats; stabilizing baseflows to revitalize food-webs in shallow water habitats; reconstituting seasonal temperature patterns (e.g. by...