Morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny of Triassic pholidophorid fishes (Actinopterygii, Teleostei)

作者：Gloria Arratia · 发表于：Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology · 年份：2013 · DOI：10.1080/02724634.2013.835642 · 被引用次数：132 · 研究领域：Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology、Ichthyology and Marine Biology、Evolution and Paleontology Studies

This study presents the first comprehensive revision of ‘pholidophoriform’ fishes, which are a key taxon for understanding the early diversification of teleost fish. Systematic revisions of Triassic pholidophorids, which are based on numerous well-preserved specimens, include †Annaichthys, gen. et sp. nov., †Knerichthys, gen. nov., †Parapholidophorus, †Pholidoctenus, †Pholidophoretes, †Pholidophorus, †Pholidorhynchodon, and †Zambellichthys, gen. et sp. nov. The morphological descriptions presented support a phylogenetic analysis that proposes a new hypothesis for character evolution within basal Teleostei, with implications for holosteans and teleosteans. The phylogenetic analysis resolves traditional ‘pholidophoriform’ species as a paraphyletic assemblage, with some grouped in a monophyletic †Pholidophoridae and others more closely related to crown-group teleosts. The monophyletic Family †Pholidophoridae is restricted to European Triassic taxa and is the sister group of the Jurassic genus †Eurycormus plus all other teleosts. The latter clade is supported by several synapomorphies, such as an elongate posteroventral process of the quadrate, long epineural processes, and seven or more ural neural arches modified as uroneurals. †Pholidophorus bechei is removed from †Pholidophoridae and recognized as the new genus †Dorsetichthys. Current evidence indicates that the Upper Triassic †Pholidophoretes salvus and †Knerichthys bronni represent the oldest known pholidophorids, and †Proh...