Comparison of quantification methods to measure fire‐derived (black/elemental) carbon in soils and sediments using reference materials from soil, water, sediment and the atmosphere

作者：Karen Hammes, Michael W. I. Schmidt, Ronald J. Smernik, Lloyd A. Currie, William P. Ball, Thanh H. Nguyen, Patrick Louchouarn, Stéphane Houel, Örjan Gustafsson, Marie Elmquist, Gerard Cornelissen, J. O. Skjemstad, Caroline A. Masiello, Jianzhong Song, Ping’an Peng, Siddhartha Mitra, Joshua C. Dunn, Patrick G. Hatcher, William C. Hockaday, Dwight Moody Smith, Christoph Hartkopf‐Fröder, Axel Böhmer, Burkhard Lüer, Barry J. Huebert, Wulf Amelung, Sonja Brodowski, Lin Huang, Wendy Zhang, Philip M. Gschwend, Deborah Xanat Flores‐Cervantes, Claude Largeau, Jean‐Noël Rouzaud, Cornélia Rumpel, Georg Guggenberger, Klaus Kaiser, Andrei Rodionov, Francisco Javier González-Vila, José Antonío González‐Pérez, José M. de la Rosa Arranz, David A.C. Manning, Elisa López‐Capél, Luyi Ding · 发表于：Global Biogeochemical Cycles · 年份：2007 · DOI：10.1029/2006gb002914 · 被引用次数：885 · 研究领域：Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols、Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics、Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact

Black carbon (BC), the product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass (called elemental carbon (EC) in atmospheric sciences), was quantified in 12 different materials by 17 laboratories from different disciplines, using seven different methods. The materials were divided into three classes: (1) potentially interfering materials, (2) laboratory‐produced BC‐rich materials, and (3) BC‐containing environmental matrices (from soil, water, sediment, and atmosphere). This is the first comprehensive intercomparison of this type (multimethod, multilab, and multisample), focusing mainly on methods used for soil and sediment BC studies. Results for the potentially interfering materials (which by definition contained no fire‐derived organic carbon) highlighted situations where individual methods may overestimate BC concentrations. Results for the BC‐rich materials (one soot and two chars) showed that some of the methods identified most of the carbon in all three materials as BC, whereas other methods identified only soot carbon as BC. The different methods also gave widely different BC contents for the environmental matrices. However, these variations could be understood in the light of the findings for the other two groups of materials, i.e., that some methods incorrectly identify non‐BC carbon as BC, and that the detection efficiency of each technique varies across the BC continuum. We found that atmospheric BC quantification methods are not ideal for soil and sediment st...