Modeling of land surface evaporation by four schemes and comparison with FIFE observations

作者：Fei Chen, Kenneth E. Mitchell, John C. Schaake, Yongkang Xue, Hua‐Lu Pan, Victor Koren, Qingyun Duan, Michael Ek, Alan K. Betts · 发表于：Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · 年份：1996 · DOI：10.1029/95jd02165 · 被引用次数：1177 · 研究领域：Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics、Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations、Climate variability and models

We tested four land surface parameterization schemes against long‐term (5 months) area‐averaged observations over the 15 km × 15 km First International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE) area. This approach proved to be very beneficial to understanding the performance and limitations of different land surface models. These four surface models, embodying different complexities of the evaporation/hydrology treatment, included the traditional simple bucket model, the simple water balance (SWB) model, the Oregon State University (OSU) model, and the simplified Simple Biosphere (SSiB) model. The bucket model overestimated the evaporation during wet periods, and this resulted in unrealistically large negative sensible heat fluxes. The SWB model, despite its simple evaporation formulation, simulated well the evaporation during wet periods, but it tended to underestimate the evaporation during dry periods. Overall, the OSU model ably simulated the observed seasonal and diurnal variation in evaporation, soil moisture, sensible heat flux, and surface skin temperature. The more complex SSiB model performed similarly to the OSU model. A range of sensitivity experiments showed that some complexity in the canopy resistance scheme is important in reducing both the overestimation of evaporation during wet periods and underestimation during dry periods. Properly parameterizing not only the effect of soil moisture stress but also other canopy resistance...