Quantifying atmospheric nitrogen deposition through a nationwide monitoring network across China

作者：Wen Xu, Xiaojin Luo, Yuepeng Pan, Lin Zhang, Aohan Tang, Jianlin Shen, Y. Zhang, K. H. Li, Qinghua Wu, Daxin Yang, Yangyang Zhang, Jian Xue, Wanjin Li, Qiao‐Qiao Li, Linling Tang, Shihua Lu, Tian Liang, Yanan Tong, Ping Liu, Q. Zhang, Zhengqin Xiong, X. J. Shi, Liang‐Cai Wu, Wenhong Shi, Kun Tian, Xiaojian Zhong, Kun� Shi, Qi Tang, L. J. Zhang, Jianliang Huang, C. E. He, Fuhong Kuang, Bingqi Zhu, H. Liu, X. Jin, Yue Xin, Xuefeng Shi, Enzai Du, Anthony J. Dore, Sim Tang, Jeffrey L. Collett, K. W. T. Goulding, Yixiang Sun, Jianhong Ren, Fusuo Zhang, X. J. Liu · 发表于：Atmospheric chemistry and physics · 年份：2015 · DOI：10.5194/acp-15-12345-2015 · 被引用次数：462 · 研究领域：Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols、Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics、Air Quality and Health Impacts

Abstract. A Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN) containing 43 monitoring sites was established in China to measure gaseous NH3, NO2, and HNO3 and particulate NH4+ and NO3− in air and/or precipitation from 2010 to 2014. Wet/bulk deposition fluxes of Nr species were collected by precipitation gauge method and measured by continuous-flow analyzer; dry deposition fluxes were estimated using airborne concentration measurements and inferential models. Our observations reveal large spatial variations of atmospheric Nr concentrations and dry and wet/bulk Nr deposition. On a national basis, the annual average concentrations (1.3–47.0 μg N m−3) and dry plus wet/bulk deposition fluxes (2.9–83.3 kg N ha−1 yr−1) of inorganic Nr species are ranked by land use as urban > rural > background sites and by regions as north China > southeast China > southwest China > northeast China > northwest China > Tibetan Plateau, reflecting the impact of anthropogenic Nr emission. Average dry and wet/bulk N deposition fluxes were 20.6 ± 11.2 (mean ± standard deviation) and 19.3 ± 9.2 kg N ha−1 yr−1 across China, with reduced N deposition dominating both dry and wet/bulk deposition. Our results suggest atmospheric dry N deposition is equally important to wet/bulk N deposition at the national scale. Therefore, both deposition forms should be included when considering the impacts of N deposition on environment and ecosystem health.