Prospective study of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and the risk of diabetes in men

作者：Eric B Rimm, June M. Chan, Meir J. Stampfer, Graham A. Colditz, Walter C. Willett · 发表于：BMJ · 年份：1995 · DOI：10.1136/bmj.310.6979.555 · 被引用次数：617 · 研究领域：Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins、Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects、Smoking Behavior and Cessation

Abstract Objective : To examine the association between smoking, alcohol consumption, and the incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in men of middle years and older. Design : Cohort questionnaire study of men followed up for six years from 1986. Setting : The health professionals' follow up study being conducted across the United States. Subjects : 41810 male health professionals aged 40-75 years and free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in 1986 and followed up for six years. Main outcome measure : Incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus diagnosed in the six years. Results : During 230 769 person years of follow up 509 men were newly diagnosed with diabetes. After controlling for known risk factors men who smoked 25 or more cigarettes daily had a relative risk of diabetes of 1.94 (95% confidence interval 1.25 to 3.03) compared with non-smokers. Men who consumed higher amounts of alcohol had a reduced risk of diabetes (P for trend <0.001). Compared with abstainers men who drank 30.0-49.9 g of alcohol daily had a relative risk of diabetes of 0.61 (95% confidence interval 0.44 to 0.91). Conclusions : Cigarette smoking may be an independent, modifiable risk factor for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Moderate alcohol consumption among healthy people may be associated with increased insulin sensitivity and a reduced risk of diabetes. Key messages Key messages Epidemiological studies have not adequately examined the independent ass...