Impact of Combined Low-Level Mupirocin and Genotypic Chlorhexidine Resistance on Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage After Decolonization Therapy: A Case-control Study

作者：Andie S. Lee, Marina Macedo-Viñas, Patrice François, Gesuèle Renzi, Jacques Schrenzel, Nathalie Vernaz, Didier Pittet, Stephan Harbarth · 发表于：Clinical Infectious Diseases · 年份：2011 · DOI：10.1093/cid/cir233 · 被引用次数：198 · 研究领域：Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus、Dermatology and Skin Diseases、Ocular Infections and Treatments

BACKGROUND: The clinical importance of low-level mupirocin resistance and genotypic chlorhexidine resistance remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether resistance to these agents increases the risk of persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage after their use for topical decolonization therapy. METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted of MRSA carriers who received decolonization therapy from 2001 through 2008. Cases, patients who remained colonized, were matched by year to controls, those in whom MRSA was eradicated (follow-up, 2 years). Baseline MRSA isolates were tested for mupirocin resistance by Etest and chlorhexidine resistance by qacA/B polymerase chain reaction. MRSA carriers with high-level mupirocin resistance were excluded. The effect of the primary exposure of interest, low-level mupirocin and genotypic chlorhexidine resistance, was evaluated with multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The 75 case patients and 75 control patients were similar except that those persistently colonized were older (P = .007) with longer lengths of hospital stay (P = .001). After multivariate analysis, carriage of combined low-level mupirocin and genotypic chlorhexidine resistance before decolonization independently predicted persistent MRSA carriage (odds ratio [OR], 3.4 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.5-7.8]). Other risk factors were older age (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.1]), previous hospitalization (OR, 2.4 [95% CI, ...