Movement of Pesticides under Two Irrigation Regimes Applied to Turfgrass

作者：S.K. Starrett, Nick E. Christians, T. Al Austin · 发表于：Journal of Environmental Quality · 年份：1996 · DOI：10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500030023x · 被引用次数：36 · 研究领域：Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies、Turfgrass Adaptation and Management、Water Quality and Resources Studies

Abstract Current public concern has focused attention on the environmental effects of chemical applications to turfgrass areas. Our objective was to investigate the movement of isazofos ([ O ‐[5‐chloro‐1‐(1‐methylethyl)‐1 H ‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl] O,O ‐diethyl phosphorothioate]), chlorpyrifos ([ 0,0 ‐diethyl‐0‐(3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinyl) phosphorothioate]), metalaxyl [ N ‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐ N ‐(methoxyacetyl) alanine methyl ester], and pendimethalin [ N ‐(1‐ethylpropyl)‐3,4‐dimethyl‐2,6‐dinitrobenzenamine] when applied to Kentucky bluegrass turf established on 50‐cm long and 20‐cm diameter undisturbed soil columns of Nicollet (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludolls) in which the macropore system remained intact. This study was conducted for 28 d and used a heavy (four, 2.54‐cm applications) and a light (16, 0.64‐cm applications) irrigation regime. Average isazofos, chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin recovered (by extraction) from soil columns under the heavy irrigation regime, plus that collected in the leachate, were 8.8, 11.5, 23.8, and 7.9%, respectively. Isazofos, chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin recovery from soil columns under the light irrigation regime, plus that collected in the leachate, averaged 3.4, 6.6, 13.9, and 4.6%, respectively. On average, 6.3, 0.5, 7.7, and 0.2% of the applied isazofos, chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl, and pendimethalin, respectively, were measured in leachate from soil columns under heavy irrigation in contrast to 0.4, 0.0, ...