Nitrous and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from Turfgrass Receiving Different Forms of Nitrogen Fertilizer

作者：Selma Regina Maggiotto, John A. Webb, Claudia Wagner‐Riddle, George W. Thurtell · 发表于：Journal of Environmental Quality · 年份：2000 · DOI：10.2134/jeq2000.00472425002900020033x · 被引用次数：84 · 研究领域：Turfgrass Adaptation and Management、Water Quality and Resources Studies、Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics

Abstract The use of N fertilizer in agriculture is considered an important source of atmospheric N2O and NOx. Choice of fertilizer type and management has been considered a method for mitigating these emissions. Micrometeorological methods were used to study the effect of inorganic N fertilizers urea (U), slow‐release urea (SRU), and ammonium nitrate (AN) on fluxes of N2O, NO, and NO2 from turfgrass field plots during three seasons, from 1995 to 1997 (total of 353 d of measurement). Daily average fluxes after fertilizations reached a maximum of 2091 ng N2O‐N m−2 s−1 after the first fertilization with AN in 1996. The fertilized plots had significantly higher emissions (P < 0.05) than the control plot, and the highest N2O emissions were from AN in 1995 and 1996, and from SRU in 1997. Daily fluxes of up to 186 ng NO‐N m−2 s−1 were measured within 1 wk following fertilization in 1997. The U plot had significantly higher NO emissions during all seasons compared with other fertilized plots. Fluxes of NOx during 1996 and 1997 were consistently downward, indicating that turfgrass was acting as a sink for NOx. NO2 uptake seemed to be directly related to NO emissions, and the U plot presented the highest NO2 uptake. Urea‐based fertilizers seem to minimize N2O emissions, although long‐term effects of SRU still need to be studied. The higher NO emissions from U‐based fertilized plots do not seem to be a problem, since NOx uptake occurred at higher rates than NO emission.